本篇文章給大家談?wù)動⑽暮贤g,以及英文合同翻譯成中文免費對應(yīng)的知識點,希望對各位有所幫助,不要忘了收藏本站喔。
英文合同翻譯成中文
1,乙方將在甲方工作室的服裝樣品中選擇所需服裝款式,
2,根碧早據(jù)乙方的要求,甲方提供咨詢服務(wù),使其獲得最佳款式服裝,
3,甲方讓出乙方所購買服悔叢雀裝款式的專有權(quán),因此,乙方生產(chǎn)自己所購買款式的服裝,不存在商標權(quán)或版權(quán)的障礙,鄭宴
4,甲方根據(jù)乙方的要求向乙方提供額外的咨詢服務(wù),包括生產(chǎn)計劃,設(shè)備的安裝,調(diào)試,產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)型,由乙方支付費用,每小時2000元人民幣,

幫忙翻譯英文合同
Agreement No. 71/迅則2010協(xié)議編號NO.71/2010
A factory, hereinafter referred to as ?尺猛Seller?, represented by the Director General Jiang Jun acting on the basis of the Statue, China, and B Company, hereinafter referred to as the ?Buyer?, represented by the Director General Alexander Kovalishin, acting on the basis of the Statue, Russia, on the other part, entered into this agreement as follows: 以下所指“賣方”,是遵照中國法令進行活動的生產(chǎn)廠家,其代表為江軍理事長;以下所指的“買方”,是遵照俄羅畝困棚斯法令進行活動的公司,其代表為亞歷山大.克萬李什理事長;雙方達成如下協(xié)議:
1. Subject of the agreement 1.協(xié)議標的
1.1. The seller undertakes to deliver and the buyer to accept and pay for the goods in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.1.1賣方承諾運送本協(xié)議下條款規(guī)定的貨物,買方承諾接受并付款。
1.2. Currency of the Agreement - USD. The total price of the Agreement amounts to 2000000 (Two million) US dollars.1.2 本協(xié)議規(guī)定的貨幣為美元。本協(xié)議的總價款為200萬美元。
1.3 Value, nomenclature, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the goods stipulated in the Specifications for each batch of delivered goods, which are an integral part of the Contract.1.3有關(guān)貨物的價值、稅則目錄,數(shù)量、質(zhì)量等在每批貨物的說明書中做詳細記錄,并構(gòu)成本合同不可分割的部分。
2. Terms of delivery and payment 2.交貨及付款條款
2.1 The delivery is made on conditions CFR. с. Taganrog2.1交貨按CFR條件進行,目的港塔甘羅格。
2.2 The delivery is carried out by a vehicle.2.2交貨由一輛機動車完成。
2.3. The goods are supplied at a price specified in the invoice to the Agreement. 2.3貨物按本協(xié)議下的發(fā)票上載明的價格提供。
2.4. With the shipment of a specific consignment the Seller issues the buyer an shipment only to this shipment. 2.4對于指定托運的貨運,賣方只對本次貨運出具發(fā)貨單。
2.5. The price of the delivered goods shall not include the cost of customs procedures and discharging operations on the territory of Russia. 運送貨物的價款不包括在俄羅斯境內(nèi)海關(guān)手續(xù)及卸貨費用。
2.6. The price of goods includes the cost of packaging, labeling, pre carriage to the ship, loaded onto a ship, delivery to the port of destination, in accordance with INCOTERMS 2000.2.6根據(jù)《國際商會國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000》的規(guī)定,貨物價款包括包裝費用、標識費用、裝運前費用、裝船費用以及運送至目的港費用
2.7. Payment is made by the Buyer by wire transfer in U.S. Dollars on the basis of 100% deposit, or 100% payment against Bill of Lading exposed, but before the arrival of goods into the customs territory of the Russian Federation.2.7買方的付款以電匯美元全額付款,或者以付款交單方式全額付款,但必須在貨物到達俄羅斯聯(lián)邦關(guān)稅地區(qū)以前進行。
2.8. In case of non-delivery of goods the Seller shall return the money within 240 (Two hundred fourty) calendar days from the date of receipt of funds on account of the seller. 若賣方未交付貨物,應(yīng)在自賣方帳戶收到買方貨款后240天內(nèi)返還買方貨款。
2.9. The last delivery of goods shall be performed by July, 31 2011. 2.9最后交貨的時間為2011年7月31日。
3. Acceptance and quality of goods 3.接收與貨物質(zhì)量
3.1. Acceptance of quantity and quality of goods shall be performed within 14 days of the receipt of goods by the buyer from the carrier. 貨物數(shù)量與質(zhì)量的驗收應(yīng)自買方從承運人處收到货物后14天內(nèi)進行。
3.2. The quality of goods shall conform to the specifications of the manufacturer. 貨物質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合制造商的規(guī)格標準。
4. Claims 4.索賠
4.1. The buyer is entitled to make a claim to the Seller for the quantity and quality of goods within twenty days from the receipt of goods. 4.1買方有權(quán)就貨物的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量在收到货物后20天內(nèi)進行索賠。
5. Packaging and labeling 5.包裝與標識
5.1. The goos shall be packed for shipment by sea and by rail.5.1 貨物的包裝應(yīng)適用于海運和鐵路運輸。
5.2 Packaging shall ensure the preservation of goods during loading, discharging and transportation of goods. 5.2貨物的包裝應(yīng)確保貨物在裝運、卸貨和運輸過程中受到保護。
6. Force-Majeure 6.不可抗力
6.1. In case of occurrence of conventional events of force-majeure, each party is not entitled to demand from the other party reimbursement of losses.6.1 不可抗力的慣例事件發(fā)生時,任何一方不得向另一方請求損害賠償。
7. Governing law and arbitration 7.管轄法律與仲裁
7.1. All disputes arising from or relating to this agreement shall be resoled by the parties by negotiations. 7.1因本協(xié)議發(fā)生或與本協(xié)議有關(guān)一切爭議應(yīng)由雙方協(xié)商解決。
問題補充:
8. Other conditions 8.其他事項
8.1. All changes and additions to this agreement are valid when performed in writing and signed by both parties. 未經(jīng)雙方書面同意并簽字,對本協(xié)議的任何變更和增加均無效。
8.2. The expiration date of the agreement shall be July, 31 2011. 8.2本協(xié)議期滿日為2011年7月31日。
8.3. The fax copy of the agreement and supplementary agreements thereto shall have legal effect. 本協(xié)議的傳真副本和增訂協(xié)議具有法律效力。
8.4. This agreement is made in English and Russian in duplicate having the same legal effect, one for each party. 8.4本協(xié)議一式兩份,分別是英文版和俄文版,兩份具有相同的法律效力,雙方各執(zhí)一份。
這份合同感覺寫得不全,不夠細致,沒仔細研究。試舉一例:This agreement is made in English and Russian in duplicate having the same legal effect, one for each party. 8.4本協(xié)議一式兩份,分別是英文版和俄文版,兩份具有相同的法律效力,雙方各執(zhí)一份。 這一條中的兩種版本如果有沖突或歧義怎么辦,是不是應(yīng)該規(guī)定以哪個版本為準?
合同的英文怎么寫?
問題一:合同號碼用英文怎么寫 contract number 合同號
P耿 No = purchase order number 采購單號
SO No = sales order number銷售單號
WO No = work order number 工單號
PL no = packlist number 包裝單號
。。。。。。
這些最常用的夠您用了吧
問題二:與某人簽訂的所有合同英文怎么說? All the contracts signed with somebody.
問題三:簽訂合同英語怎么說 sign a contract
問題四:合同英語翻譯 披露被許可人許可知識產(chǎn)塵御權(quán)的一般義務(wù)
許可人應(yīng)當向被許可人提供被許可人,買方或任何購買子公司繼續(xù)進行許可業(yè)務(wù)所必須的,在截止日期后24個月內(nèi)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)持牌人的適當披露,否則應(yīng)當提供必要的合理協(xié)助讓持牌人得以享有使用,實踐和其他被許可人在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)授予許可協(xié)議下的權(quán)利和利益。
第6.2節(jié). 協(xié)助
在截止日期后的24個月的時間里,需事先通知,許可人應(yīng)當給予持牌人合理的與許可人的持有足夠持牌人所被許可的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的知識的技術(shù)人員的訪問許可以提供本擬對持牌人使用許可知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的合理必要的協(xié)助。釘有的發(fā)生于連接相關(guān)的陪友合理的和自付費用和開支(不包括許可人的技術(shù)人員所用的時間)應(yīng)由持牌人承擔。
問題五:和公司簽合同用英語怎么說 intend to sign the contract with the pany
問題六派亂巖:勞動合同用英語怎么說 勞動合同的英語是contract of labour,詳細信息如下:
contract of labour 英 [k?n?tr?kt ?v ?leib?] 美 [?kn?tr?kt ?v ?leb?]
【詞典】勞動合同
例句:
The termination of labour contract by employer or employee is one of the importantparts of the law of labour contract and even of labor law.
勞動合同單方解除制度是勞動合同法乃至勞動法的重要組成部分之一。
問題七:簽協(xié)議 英文怎么說 Please read the attachment first,the contract Linda has already written,A搐 is on business thease days so he can't do that,I think I can finish this before next Friday.
問題八:備案合同 用英語怎么說? Record contract 備案合同
求英文合同翻譯
WHEREAS, the Parties mutually desire to execute this Contract which shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties, their legal representatives, Successors and Assignees, in accordance with the jurisdictional law of the negotiated and fully executed contract with terms and provisions hereunder agreed upon.
但是,由于雙方的愿望來執(zhí)行本合同和受讓人均具有約束力,當事人的利益,其法定代表人、繼承人和受讓人按照法律管轄的談判并完全執(zhí)行的合同的條款和規(guī)定與本約定。
英文合同翻譯
Article 8. Miscellaneous Provisions 第8條 其他條款
8.1 (Force Majeure) Neither party shall be liable for failure to perform the whole of or any part of this Agreement and/or each Individual Sales Contract when such failure is due to fire, flood, strikes, labor troubles or other industrial disturbances, inevitable accidents, war (declared or undeclared), embargoes, blockades, legal restrictions, riots, insurrections or any other causes beyond the control of the party. If the failure mentioned above continues more than six (6) months, either party hereto may terminate this Agreement immediately by giving written notice to the other party without incurring any obligation or responsibility.
因火災(zāi)、洪災(zāi)、罢工、勞資糾紛或其他行業(yè)性騷亂、不可避免的事故、戰(zhàn)爭(宣戰(zhàn)或不宣而戰(zhàn))、禁運、封鎖、禁令、 暴亂、暴動或其他不受一方控制之原因未能差晌雹履行本協(xié)議和虛帆或單獨銷售合同的全部謹租或部分時,該方對此不應(yīng)承擔責任。如果上述事件持續(xù)時間超過六(6)個月,本協(xié)議項下任何一方均可在書面告知另一方的前提下立即終止本協(xié)議而無需承擔任何義務(wù)或責任。
8.2 (Governing Law) This Agreement shall be governed by and under the laws of People’s Republic of China as to all matters including validity, construction and performance.
管轄法
本協(xié)議所有事項,包括有效期、解釋和履行,均受中華人民共和國法律的管轄。
8.3 (Non-Waiver) Any failure of either party to enforce, at any time or for any period of time, any of the provisions of this Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of such provisions or of the right of the party thereafter to enforce each and every such provision.
任何一方在任何時間或任何期限內(nèi)未能執(zhí)行本協(xié)議項下任何條款不應(yīng)視為對此類條款或該方執(zhí)行任何此類條款權(quán)利的放棄。
8.4 (Entire Agreement) This Agreement constitutes the entire and only agreement between the parties hereto relating to distributorship of Products and no modification, change or amendment of this Agreement shall be binding upon both Supplier and Distributor except by mutual express consent in writing of subsequent date signed by a duly authorized officer or representative of each of the parties hereto.
全部協(xié)議
本協(xié)議構(gòu)成協(xié)議雙方就產(chǎn)品經(jīng)銷達成的全部、唯一協(xié)議。任何對本協(xié)議的修改、變動或修訂對供應(yīng)商和經(jīng)銷商均無約束力,但經(jīng)雙方授權(quán)官員或代表在此后書面簽署、雙方均明確同意的除外。
8.5 (Separability) If any portions or provisions of this Agreement is declared unenforceable or invalid by court or administration decision, or any applicable law, the validity of any other portions or provisions of this Agreement shall not be thereby affected in any way whatsoever.
不可分割性
見此前翻譯的
8.6 (Non-Assignment) Neither this Agreement nor any right conferred hereunder to Distributor, may be transferred or assigned to any third party.
不可转让性
本協(xié)議或根據(jù)本協(xié)議授予經(jīng)銷商的任何權(quán)利不得转让或受讓給任何第三方。
Article 9. Arbitration 第9條 仲裁
All disputes, controversies or differences which may arise between the parties hereto, out of or in relation to or in connection with this Agreement shall be finally settled by arbitration in Hong Kong in accordance with Rules of the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre. The award rendered by the arbitrator(s) shall be final and binding upon both parties.
因本協(xié)議引起或與本協(xié)議相關(guān)或有關(guān)的任何爭議、爭論或分歧應(yīng)在香港根據(jù)香港國際仲裁中心之條理進行終局仲裁。仲裁員發(fā)出的裁決應(yīng)是終局的,對雙方均有約束力。
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused two copies of this Agreement to be signed and sealed by their duly authorized officers or representatives on the date first above written.
茲由雙方授權(quán)官員或代表與上述日期在一式兩份的本協(xié)議上簽字并蓋章,以昭信守。
看我這么辛苦的分上,給高分哦
合同英語翻譯方法
翻譯商務(wù)英語合同的時候,有什么技巧可桐孫以避免我們犯一些常見的錯誤?下面是我給大家整理的合同英語翻譯方法,供大家參閱!
商務(wù)合同英語翻譯方法
商務(wù)合同屬于法律性公文,所以英譯時,有些詞語要用公文語詞語、特別是酌情使用英語慣用的一套公文語副詞,就會起到使譯文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹、邏輯嚴密、言簡意賅的作用。
一.公文副詞
但是從一些合同的英文譯本中發(fā)現(xiàn),這種公文語副同常被普通詞語所代替,從而影響到譯文的質(zhì)量。
實際上,這種公文語慣用副同為數(shù)并不多,而已構(gòu)詞簡單易記。常用的這類副詞是由 here、there、where 等副詞分別加上 after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副詞,構(gòu)成一體化形式的公文語副詞。例如:
從此以后、今后:hereafter;
此后、以后:thereafter;
在其上:thereon hereupon;
在其下:thereunder;
對于這個:hereto;
對于那個:whereto;
在上文:hereinabovehereinbefore;
在下文:hereinafterhereinbelow;
在上文中、在上一部分中:thereinbefore;
在下文中、在下一部分中:thereinafter.
現(xiàn)用兩個實例,說明在英譯合同中如何酌情使用上述副詞。
例 1:本合同自買方和建造方簽署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder. 例 2:下述簽署人同意在中國制造新產(chǎn)品,其品牌以此為合適。
The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.
二、謹慎選用極易混淆的詞語
英譯商務(wù)合同時,常常由于選同不當而尋致詞不達意或者意思模棱兩可,有時甚至表達的是完全不同的含義。因此了解與掌握極易混淆的詞語的區(qū)別是極為重要的,是提高英譯質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵因素之一,現(xiàn)把常用且易混淆的七對詞語,用典型實例論述如下。
2.1. shipping advice 與 shipping instructions
shipping advice 是“裝運通知”,是由出口商(賣主)發(fā)給進口商(買主)的。然而 shipping instructions 則是“裝運須知”,是進口商(買主)發(fā)給出口商(賣主)的。另外要注意區(qū)分 vendor(賣主)與 vendee(買主),consignor(發(fā)貨人)與 consignee(收貨人)。上述這三對詞語在英譯時、極易發(fā)生筆誤。
脊卜 2.2. abide by 與 comply with
abide by 與 comply with 都有“遵守”的意思.但是當主語是“人”時,英譯“遵守”須用 abide
by。當主語是非人稱時,則用 comply with 英譯“遵守”。
例 3:雙方都應(yīng)遵守/雙方的一切活動都應(yīng)遵守合同規(guī)定局野鏈。
Both parties Shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.
2.3. change A to B 與 change A into B
英譯“把 A 改為 B”用“change A to B”,英譯“把 A 折合成/兌換成 B”用“change A into B”,兩者不可混淆。
例 4:交貨期改為 8 月并將美元折合成人民幣。
Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi.
2.4. ex 與 per
源自拉丁語的介詞 ex 與 per 有各自不同的含義。英譯由某輪船“運來”的貨物時用 ex,由某輪船“運走”的貨物用 Per,而由某輪船“承運”用 by。
例 5:由“維多利亞”輪運走/運來/承運的最后一批貨將于 10 月 1 日抵達倫敦。
The last batch per/ex/by S.S. "Victoria" will arrive at London on October (S.S. = Steamship)
2.5. in 與 after
當英譯“多少天之后”的時間時,往往是指“多少天之后”的確切的一天,所以必須用介詞 in,而不能用 after,因為介詞 after 指的是“多少天之后”的不確切的任何一天。
例 6:該貨于 11 月 10 日由“東風”輪運出,41 天后抵達鹿特丹港。
The good shall be shipped per M.V. "Dong Feng" on November 10 and are due to arrive at Rottedaml in 140 days. (M.V.= motor vessel
2.6. on/upon 與 after
當英譯“……到后,就……”時,用介詞 on/upon,而不用 after,因為 after 表示“之后”的時間不明確。
例 7:發(fā)票貨值須貨到付給。
The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods.
2.7. by 與 before
當英譯終止時間時,比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所寫日期時,就用介詞 by;如果不包括所寫日期,即指到所寫日期的前一天為止,就要用介詞 before。
例 8:賣方須在 6 月 15 日前將貨交給買方。
The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.(or: before June 16,說明含 6 月 15 日在內(nèi)。如果不含 6 月 15 日,就譯為 by June 14 或者 before June 15。)
三、慎重處理合同的關(guān)鍵細目
實踐證明,英譯合同中容易出現(xiàn)差錯的地方,一般來說,不是大的陳述性條款。而恰恰是一些關(guān)鍵的細目.比如:金錢、時間、數(shù)量等。為了避免出差錯,在英譯合同時,常常使用一些有限定作用的結(jié)構(gòu)來界定細目所指定的確切范圍。
3.1. 限定責任
眾所周知,合同中要明確規(guī)定雙方的責任。為英譯出雙方責任的權(quán)限與范圍,常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)?,F(xiàn)把最常用的此類結(jié)構(gòu)舉例說明如下。
3.1.1 and/or
常用 and/or 英譯合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的內(nèi)容,這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。 例 9:如果上述貨物對船舶和(或)船上其它貨物造成任何損害,托運人應(yīng)負全責。
The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard.
3.1.2 by and between
常用 by and between 強調(diào)合同是由“雙方”簽訂的,因此雙方必須嚴格履行合同所賦于的責任。
例 10:買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買出售下列商品并簽訂本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.
3.2. 限定時間
英譯與時間有關(guān)的文字,都應(yīng)非常嚴格慎重地處理,因為合同對時間的要求是準確無誤。所以英譯起止時間時,常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來限定準確的時間。
3.2.1 雙介詞
用雙介詞英譯含當天日期在內(nèi)的起止時間。
例 11;自 9 月 2O 日起,甲方已無權(quán)接受任何定單或收據(jù)。
Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.
例 12:我公司的條件是,3 個月內(nèi),即不得晚于 5 月 1 日,支付現(xiàn)金。
Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.
3.2.2 not(no)later than
用“not (no) later than +日期”英譯“不遲于某月某日”。
例 13:本合同簽字之日一個月內(nèi),即不遲于 12 月 15 日,你方須將貨物裝船。
Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December 15.
3.2.3 include 的相應(yīng)形式
常用 include 的相應(yīng)形式:inclusive、including 和 included,來限定含當日在內(nèi)的時間。 例 14:本證在北京議付,有效期至 1 月 1 日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括 1 月 1 日在內(nèi),英譯為 till and not including January 1。
3.3. 限定金額
為避免金額數(shù)量的差漏、偽造或涂改,英譯時常用以下措施嚴格把關(guān)。
3.3.1.大寫文字重復(fù)金額
英譯金額須在小寫之后,在括號內(nèi)用大寫文字重復(fù)該金額,即使原文合同中沒有大寫,英譯時也有必要加上大寫。在大寫文字前加上“SAY”,意為“大寫”;在最后加上“ONLY”.意思為“整”。必須注意:小寫與大寫的金額數(shù)量要一致。
例 16:聘方須每月付給受聘方美元 500 元整。
Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).
3.3.2. 正確使用貨幣符號
英譯金額必須注意區(qū)分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號?!?”既可代表“美元”,又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣;而“£”不僅代表“英鎊”,又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。
必須注意:當金額用數(shù)字書寫時,金額數(shù)字必須緊靠貨幣符號,例如:Can $891,568,不能寫成:Can $ 891,568。另外,翻譯的還要特別注意金額中是小數(shù)點 (.) 還是分節(jié)號 (,),因為這兩個符號極易引起筆誤,稍有疏忽,其后果是不堪設(shè)想的。
商務(wù)合同英語翻譯技巧
一、名詞與動詞的互相轉(zhuǎn)譯
研究表明:英語的名詞在詞匯中占有絕對優(yōu)勢,
常用名詞來表達漢語中用動詞表達的概念(如抽象的行為名詞) ,而且動詞的兼類情況非常明顯,加之英語有詞形變化, 許多動詞詞尾加上后綴, 如-ment , - tion , - ance , - er , - or 等,即可變成名詞。相反,漢語卻以動詞占優(yōu)勢,而且一個句子不限于用一個動詞,可以幾個動詞連用。因此,英譯漢時許多名詞可譯成漢語的動詞;漢譯英時動詞也常譯成名詞(或介詞+ 名詞) 。
英語中具有抽象動作意義的名詞漢譯時常譯成動詞。但是,漢譯英時,如果譯者沒有非常深厚的英語功底,很難非常恰當?shù)厥褂眠@類詞來翻譯,用英語動詞的可能性最大。例如:
(1) The repeal of the Corn Laws by Great Britainin 1846 ended Britain′s long - standing policy protectionism.
1846 年英國廢除《谷物法》,結(jié)束了英國長期存在的貿(mào)易保護主義政策。
“repeal”既可以作動詞,也可以作名詞,意思相同,都是“取消”、“廢除”的意思。但是按照漢語的語言習(xí)慣,我們很可能用“repeal”的動詞形式來回譯(back - t ranslate) ,譯成: Great Britain repealed theCorn Laws in 1846 and ended ?,或譯成: The CornLaws were repealed in Great Britain in 1846 and thelong - standing policy of protectionism was ended。
兩種翻譯可能都講得通,但總不如原文那么精煉、嚴密。
(2)And in a best - selling book ,Lester Thurowtold us that America would soon be going head tohead with a Germanled Europe in the st ruggle forworld market s.
萊斯特·瑟羅在他的一本暢銷書中斷言,美國不久將要與德國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的歐洲勢均力敵地爭奪國際市場。
原文中“st ruggle”為介詞“in”的賓語,但漢語譯文直接將它譯成動詞“爭奪”,比原文來得更直接更傳神。
(3) The first was the belief among many nationalleaders that theevent s leading to the Second WorldWar were t riggered by the Great Depression of the1930s ,which in turn was believed to have been prolonged and deepened by the very high tariff s enactedby virtually all of the major t rading nations during theearly 1930s.
第一,很多國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人認為:導(dǎo)致第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)的事件是30 年代的大蕭條,而這大蕭條被認為是被30 年代初期幾乎所有的主要國家所定的高額關(guān)稅所延續(xù)和加深的。
“the first ”指促成1948 年幾個國家鑒定正式協(xié)定建立貿(mào)易體系的三個因素之一(這個協(xié)定即關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定) 。本句開頭用“believe”避免了重復(fù),
使行文更加流暢。然而,譯成漢語時則以動詞代之,
這樣更符合漢語的習(xí)慣。
有時在英譯漢時,如將名詞譯成動詞,則更易于處理。例如:
(4 ) Early hopes that Eastern Germany couldstage an economic miracle like that of West Germanyin the 1950s and ′60s have faded.
統(tǒng)一之初指望東德能重演西德五六十年代經(jīng)濟奇跡的熱情早已淡化。
本例說明了在東西兩德統(tǒng)一初期,人民迫切希望東德的經(jīng)濟會迅速崛起。但是,隨著時間的推移,
人們已不再那樣強烈地對此抱有幻想。原文“hope”
用復(fù)數(shù), 但漢語中沒有數(shù)的變化。如將原文的“hope”譯成名詞,首先漢語動賓不搭配,我們平常不講“希望淡化”,其次原文復(fù)數(shù)形式不好處理。但將“hope”譯成動詞后,后邊再添加“熱情”一詞來體現(xiàn)原文的預(yù)期,譯文則更加自然。
同時,漢譯英時,如能適當?shù)貙釉~譯成名詞,
則會使英譯文更加自然、更加凝練。例如:
(5) 交易增加,要求流通的貨幣量也增加。Anincrease in business requires an increase in the amountof money coming into general circulation.
原文中共用了四個動詞,而譯文卻只用了一個動詞和一個分詞,從而使譯文更加緊湊、凝練。如將這四個動詞都譯成動詞,英語句子則拖沓、不自然。
試譯如下:
The fact that business increases requires that theamount of money which is generally circulated be alsoincreased.
譯文羅嗦,而且不可猝讀。
(6) 在里根時代,貿(mào)易赤字使貿(mào)易保護主義抬頭,現(xiàn)在有人擔心貿(mào)易保護主義將會重現(xiàn)。
The t rade deficit in the Reagan years created arise in protectionism , and some worry about a replay.
原文中共有四個動詞(連同助動詞共有五個) ,
但譯文卻只用了兩個動詞,用“rise”和“replay”來替代了其余兩動詞,可謂佳譯。但如果將動詞全部譯成動詞,結(jié)果如何,可想而知。
由動詞加- a (e) nce , - tion , - ment 等詞綴構(gòu)成的名詞,英譯漢時常譯成動詞。例如:
(7) Liberalization of international economic system was widely perceived as a way to avoid recurrenceof a similar calamity.
人們廣泛地認為,避免重遭類似災(zāi)難的一條途徑是放寬國際經(jīng)濟體系。
(8) Resistance to market opening is basically apower play by leaders of indust ry.
抵制開放市場基本上是工業(yè)領(lǐng)袖們的實力較量。
上兩例中的“recurrence”和“resistance”分別被譯成漢語動詞“遭受”和“抵制”?!皉ecurrence of asimilar calamity”實際上是一緊縮的主謂句, 而“avoid”之后則跟v - ing + 賓語。
(9) Utility is therefore related to our decisionabout priorities in production - particularly in a cent rally - planned economy.
因此,效用(經(jīng)濟術(shù)語) 對我們決定優(yōu)先生產(chǎn)什么是有關(guān)系的,特別在中央計劃經(jīng)濟中尤其如此。
(10)Much of the remainder of the GATT is designed to prevent evasion of the tariff obligations ofArticle II by the use of nontariff barriers.
關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定的其余部分主要是用來防止以非關(guān)稅壁壘形式來逃避第二條規(guī)定的關(guān)稅義務(wù)。第(9)
例中的“decision”、“production”皆為介詞賓語,前者如用“decide”則與“priorities”動賓搭配不當,所以不宜用動名詞形式;“in production”指一種過程,“produce”為及物動詞,一般要跟賓語。所以,也不適宜使用動名詞。第10 例中的“evasion”前為及物動詞“prevent”,它的基本用法是“prevent sb. (f rom) doing sth. ”?!癳vasion of tariff obligations ”這一結(jié)構(gòu)卻是動賓關(guān)系,也不適合用動名詞。
(11)Before the payment of these tariff s ,the imported goods will be in the custody of the customs andstorage charges are for the importer’s account .
交關(guān)稅前,進口貨物由海關(guān)保管,存儲費由進口商負擔。
(12) In reimbursement of these ext ra expenses ,
please draw on us.
請開匯票向我方支款,用于償付這些額外費用。
上兩例均由于語法限制,只有用名詞形式,但譯成漢語時,“payment”和“reimbursement ”分別譯作“交”和“償付”。









